Hagia Sophia has dominated the skyline of Istanbul's historic peninsula since the 6th century. Built as the cathedral of Constantinople, it later became an imperial mosque and then a museum, and every period has left its mark on the building.
Justinian's church
The present building was completed in 537 under Emperor Justinian I, designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus. Its vast dome, which seems to float on a ring of windows, was an engineering feat that influenced architects for centuries.
Mosque, museum and mosque again
After the Ottoman conquest in 1453 it was converted into a mosque, and minarets were added. In 1934 it became a museum, and in 2020 it was reopened as a mosque. Byzantine mosaics and Ottoman calligraphy panels can be seen side by side.
Visiting
Hagia Sophia is on Sultanahmet Square, opposite the Blue Mosque and a short walk from Topkapı Palace and the Basilica Cistern. As an active mosque, it closes to visitors during prayer times; dress modestly and women should bring a headscarf. The area is part of the Historic Areas of Istanbul, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Driving in the old city is not practical. On a self-drive tour we usually plan Istanbul before you pick up your rental car or after you return it.
